Nail Hardener Reviews
Avulsion injury
Types of avulsions
Ear
Eyelid
Nail
Nerve (brachial plexus)
Skin
Tooth
Surgical
ear avulsions
The ear is particularly vulnerable to avulsion injuries because of its exposed position on the side of the head. The most common cause of these lesions is biting Human, followed by falls, road accidents and dog bites. A partially avulsed ear can be reattached by suturing or microvascular surgery, depending on the severity of the injury. microvascular surgery can also be used to attach a completely avulsed ear, but its success rate is low due to the need for venous drainage. The ear may also be reconstructed with cartilage and skin grafts.
eyelid avulsions
This is a rare lesion that can be caused by motor vehicle accidents, dog bites, or human bites. Eyelid avulsions are repaired by suture after a CT scan is performed to determine where damage to muscles, nerves and blood vessels in the eyelid occurred. more serious injuries require reconstruction, however, this usually results by some loss of function and subsequent surgeries may be necessary to improve the structure and function. microvascular surgery is another method repair, but rarely used. Sometimes, the botulinum toxin is injected into the eyelid to paralyze the muscles while the eyelid healed.
traumatic nail avulsion
The trauma of the nail plate can cause the nail to be torn from the nail bed. Unlike other types of avulsion, when a nail is lost, it is not replaced. Following the loss of the nail, the nail bed forms a layer that hardens the germ cells developed keratin and becomes a new nail. So this layer has formed, the bed exposed nail is very sensitive and must be covered with a nonstick dressing, such as a regular dressing will adhere to the nail bed and cause extreme pain upon removal. In the average person, nails require 3 to 6 months to push it, while the nails require 12 to 18 months.
brachial plexus avulsion
In this type of injury, the brachial plexus (a bundle of nerves that sends signals from the spine into the arms, shoulders and hands) is torn from its attachment to the spine. Cause This common injury is when the shoulders of a baby turn in the birth canal during delivery and cause of brachial plexus stretch and tear. It occurs in 1-2 per 1000 births. shoulder injury in motor vehicle accidents is another common cause. Detachment of the nerves causes pain and loss of function in the arms, shoulders and hands. Neuropathic pain can be treated with medication, but the function can be restored through surgery or attached nerve grafts. For intractable pain, a procedure called dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesion is effective.
Skin avulsion
The most common avulsion injuries, avulsion skin usually occur at motor vehicle accidents. The severity varies from skin flaps (minor) to amputation degloving (moderate) and a finger or a limb (severe). Suprafascial avulsions are those in which the depth of skin removed reaches the layer of tissue subcutaneously. subfascial avulsions are those deeper than the subcutaneous layer. Small avulsions suprafascial can be repaired by suture, but most avulsions require skin grafts or reconstructive surgery.
tooth avulsion
A tooth completely or partially (so that the dental pulp is exposed) is detached from its socket pulled out. Secondary (permanent) teeth can be replaced and stabilized by a dentist. Primary (baby) teeth are not replaced, because they tend to fester and interfere with growth secondary teeth. Completely avulsed tooth is replaced in the time of injury can be kept permanently. The retention rate long-term decreases as the time increases the tooth is loose, and possibly root resorption allows replacement of the tooth impossible. To minimize damage to the root, the tooth should be stored in milk or sterile saline if it is outside the mouth.
surgical extractions
Avulsion surgery is sometimes performed to relieve the symptoms of a disorder or preventing chronic disease recurrence. small incision avulsion (Also called ambulatory phlebectomy) is used to remove varicose veins of the legs in disorders such that chronic venous insufficiency. Nail avulsion is performed to remove all or part of a chronic ingrown toenail. avulsion of the facial nerve is used to treat involuntary spasms in Benin essential blepharospasm. However, it often requires additional surgery to preserve function and toxin Botulinum injections have proven to be a more effective treatment with fewer complications.
See also
Physical trauma
Plastic surgery
Skin grafting
References
^ Ab Davison, SP, and Bosley, BN (2008). Ear, reconstruction and recovery. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from.
^ Nahai, F., Hayhurst, JW, & Salibian, AH (1978, July). in microvascular surgery avulsion injuries of the external ear. Clinics of Plastic Surgery, 5 (3), 423-426.
^ Fleming, JP, & Cotlar, SW (1979, July). Affiliation with a success almost totally avulsed ear: The use of fluorescein test. Plastic surgery and reconstructive, 64, 94-96.
^ Pennington, DG, Lai MF, and Pelly, AD (1980, June). Successful reimplantation of a completely avulsed ear by microvascular anastomosis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65 (6), 820-823.
^ Tanaka, Y. & Tajima, S. (1989, October). Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 84 (4), 665-668.
^ Talbi, M. Stussi, JD, & Meley Mr. microsurgical replantation of amputated ear without venous repair completely. (2001, August). Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 17 (6), 417-420.
^ Ab Ibrahim Saad, SM, Zidan, A., & Madani, S. (2008). Totally avulsed ear: A new reconstruction technique the ear immediately. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 61, S29-36.
^ O'Toole, G., Bhatti, K., and Masood, S. (2008). Reimplantation of avulsed ear, using a single arterial anastomosis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 61 (3), 326-329.
^ Goldberg, SH, Bullock, JD, & Connelly, PJ (1992). Eyelid avulsion: A clinical and experimental. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 8 (4), 256-261.
Abc ^ Huerva, V. Mateo, AJ, & Espinet, R. (2008, January). Isolated rupture internal rectus muscle after a traffic accident. Strabismus, 16 (1), 33-37.
^ Ab Avram, DR, Hurwitz, JJ, & Kratky, V. (1991, October). Dog and human bites of the eyelid repaired with retrieved autogenous tissue. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, 26 (6), 334-337.
^ ab Soueid, NE, & Khoobehi, K. (2006, January). relocation Microsurgical total upper eyelid avulsion. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 56 (1), 99-102.
^ deSousa, JL, Leibovitch, I., Malhotra, R., O'Donnell, B., Sullivan, T., & Selva, D. (2007, December). Techniques and outcomes of total upper eyelid reconstruction and lower. Archives of Ophthalmology, 125 (12), 1601-1609.
Nail avulsions ^
Rischer ^, CE, and Easton, TA (1995). Focus on Human Biology (2nd ed.). New York: Harper Collins Publishers College.
National Center ^ Computer Emergency Medicine. Nail Off. Accessed January 16, 2009, from.
^ National Institute neurological disorders and diseases. Erb-Duchenne and Dejerine-Klumpke NINDS Information Page paralysis. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ^. Erb's palsy (brachial plexus injury at birth). Retrieved January 15, 2009, of.
^ Abc Binder, DK, Lu, DC, and Barbaro, NM (2005, October). multiple roots avulsion of the brachial plexus. Neurosurgery Focus, 19 (3).
^ Ab Jeng, SF, and Wei, FC (1997, May). Classification and reconstructive options in foot plantar skin avulsion injuries. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 99 (6), 1695-1703.
Abc ^ Merck Manual Online. Avulsed teeth and fractured. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from.
^ Kidd, PS, Sturt, PA, and Fultz, J. (2000). Reference Mosby's emergency nursing (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby, Inc.
^ Society for Vascular Surgery. VascularWeb: chronic venous insufficiency. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ^. Ingrown toenail. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from.
McCord ^ ab, CD Jr., Coles WH, Shore JW, Spector, R. & Putnam, JR (1984, February). Treatment of essential blepharospasm: Comparison of nerve avulsion facial and eyebrow-eyelid muscle stripping procedure. Archives of Ophthalmology, 102 (2), 266-268.
Grandas ^ ab, F. Elston, J. Quinn, N., & Marsden, CD (1988, June). Blepharospasm: A review of 264 patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 51 (6), 767-772.
EV
Injuries other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains (S00-T14 850-929)
Head (head injury) and neck
Head injury (concussion brain, diffuse axonal injury, cerebral contusion, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Facial trauma (Black eye Eye injury)
Thorax (chest trauma)
lung: pleural disease (Pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemopneumothorax) Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary laceration
cardiac and circulatory: Cardiac tamponade Commotio cordis Hemopericardium traumatic aortic rupture
Abdomen, lower back,
lumbar spine and pelvis
ruptured spleen traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Shoulders and arms
Rotator cuff
Knee and leg
Achilles tendon rupture
General
injuries of the spinal cord injury Brachial plexus
Abrasion Amputation Avulsion Bite Blister Bruise Burn Hematoma
Wound
Categories: Injuries | Medical emergencies
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